As surprising as it seems, one does not need more than a single sample to perform statistical analysis! One-sample analysis allows you to compare the known mean of a large population to the mean of a specific subpopulation or sample. This means that you may check whether a limited group of individuals exhibits the same “properties” as the population they originate from.
The following screenshot was taken from the datasheet bound to the package TeachingDemos. It reduces the problem of choice between z-test and t-test to “in real life, no one use z-test !”. Just so that you know…